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Fundamentals of Instructing test codes, explained

Your FAA knowledge test report lists a code like FI.I.A.K1 for each area where you missed a question. Type or paste one below to see what it means, in the FAA's own words.

Source: FAA-S-ACS-25, Flight Instructor for Airplane Category ACS, Area of Operation I (November 2023, effective May 31, 2024). Used on: Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI).

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I. Fundamentals of Instructing

FI.I.A.K1Elements of human behavior, including:
FI.I.A.K1aDefinitions of human behavior
FI.I.A.K1bInstructor and learner relationship
FI.I.A.K1cMotivation
FI.I.A.K1dHuman needs
FI.I.A.K1eDefense mechanisms
FI.I.A.K2Learner emotional reactions, including:
FI.I.A.K2aAnxiety and stress
FI.I.A.K2bImpatience
FI.I.A.K2cWorry or lack of interest
FI.I.A.K2dPhysical discomfort, illness, fatigue, and dehydration
FI.I.A.K2eApathy due to inadequate instruction
FI.I.A.K3Teaching the adult learner.
FI.I.A.K4Effective communication, including:
FI.I.A.K4aBasic elements of communication
FI.I.A.K4bBarriers to effective communication
FI.I.A.K4cDeveloping communication skills
FI.I.A.R1Recognizing and accommodating human behavior.
FI.I.A.R2Barriers to communication.
FI.I.B.K1Definitions of learning.
FI.I.B.K2Learning theory as it applies to ground and flight instruction, including:
FI.I.B.K2aBehaviorism
FI.I.B.K2bCognitive Theory
FI.I.B.K3Perceptions and insight.
FI.I.B.K4Acquiring knowledge.
FI.I.B.K5Laws of learning.
FI.I.B.K6Domains of learning, including:
FI.I.B.K6aCognitive
FI.I.B.K6bAffective
FI.I.B.K6cPsychomotor
FI.I.B.K7Characteristics of learning.
FI.I.B.K8Scenario-based training (SBT).
FI.I.B.K9Acquiring skill knowledge, including:
FI.I.B.K9aStages
FI.I.B.K9bKnowledge of results
FI.I.B.K9cHow to develop skills
FI.I.B.K9dLearning plateaus
FI.I.B.K10Types of practice.
FI.I.B.K11Evaluation versus critique.
FI.I.B.K12Distractions, interruptions, fixation, and inattention.
FI.I.B.K13Errors.
FI.I.B.K14Memory, including:
FI.I.B.K14aSensory
FI.I.B.K14bShort-Term Memory (STM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM)
FI.I.B.K14cHow usage affects memory
FI.I.B.K14dForgetting
FI.I.B.K15Retention of learning.
FI.I.B.K16Transfer of learning.
FI.I.B.R1Inadequate or incomplete instruction.
FI.I.B.R2Lack of learner motivation.
FI.I.B.R3Recognizing and correcting learner errors.
FI.I.C.K1Teaching, including:
FI.I.C.K1aProcess
FI.I.C.K1bEssential skills
FI.I.C.K2Course of training.
FI.I.C.K3Preparation of a lesson, including:
FI.I.C.K3aTraining objectives and completion standards
FI.I.C.K3bPerformance-based objectives
FI.I.C.K3cImportance of Airman Certification Standards (ACS) in aviation training curricula
FI.I.C.K3dDecision-based objectives
FI.I.C.K4Organization of material.
FI.I.C.K5Training delivery methods, including:
FI.I.C.K5aLecture
FI.I.C.K5bDiscussion
FI.I.C.K5cGuided discussion
FI.I.C.K5dCooperative or group learning
FI.I.C.K5eDemonstration-performance
FI.I.C.K5fDrill and practice
FI.I.C.K6Electronic learning (e-Learning).
FI.I.C.K7Instructional aids and training technologies, including:
FI.I.C.K7aCharacteristics of effective instructional aids
FI.I.C.K7bReasons for use
FI.I.C.K7cGuidelines for use
FI.I.C.K7dTypes
FI.I.C.K8Integrated flight instruction.
FI.I.C.K9Problem-based instruction.
FI.I.C.K10Planning instructional activity, including:
FI.I.C.K10aBlocks of learning
FI.I.C.K10bTraining syllabus
FI.I.C.K10cLesson plans
FI.I.C.R1Selection of teaching method.
FI.I.D.K1Purpose and characteristics of effective assessment.
FI.I.D.K2Traditional assessments.
FI.I.D.K3Authentic assessments, including:
FI.I.D.K3aLearner-centered assessment
FI.I.D.K3bManeuver or procedure grades
FI.I.D.K3cAssessing risk management skills
FI.I.D.K4Choosing an effective assessment method.
FI.I.D.K5Purposes and types of critiques.
FI.I.D.K6Oral assessment, including:
FI.I.D.K6aCharacteristics of effective questions
FI.I.D.K6bTypes of questions to avoid
FI.I.D.K6cAnswering learner questions
FI.I.D.K7Assessment of piloting ability.
FI.I.D.R1Delivering an assessment.
FI.I.E.K1Aviation instructor responsibilities, including:
FI.I.E.K1aHelping learners
FI.I.E.K1bProviding adequate instruction
FI.I.E.K1cTraining to established standards of performance
FI.I.E.K1dEmphasizing the positive
FI.I.E.K1eMinimizing learner frustrations
FI.I.E.K2Flight instructor responsibilities, including supervision and surveillance during training.
FI.I.E.K3Flight instructor qualifications and professionalism.
FI.I.E.K4Professional development.
FI.I.E.K5Instructor ethics and conduct.
FI.I.E.R1Fulfilling instructor responsibilities.
FI.I.E.R2Exhibiting professionalism.
FI.I.F.K1Teaching risk identification, assessment, and mitigation.
FI.I.F.K2Teaching risk management tools, including:
FI.I.F.K2aPilot/Aircraft/enVironment/External Pressures (PAVE) checklist
FI.I.F.K2bFlight Risk Assessment Tools (FRATs)
FI.I.F.K3When and how to introduce risk management.
FI.I.F.K4Risk management teaching techniques by phase of instruction.
FI.I.F.K5Managing risk during flight instruction, including:
FI.I.F.K5aCommon flight instruction risks
FI.I.F.K5bBest practices
FI.I.F.K5cSpecial considerations while teaching takeoffs and landings
FI.I.F.K6Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) to include using Crew Resource Management (CRM) or Single- Pilot Resource Management (SRM), as appropriate.
FI.I.F.R1Hazards associated with providing flight instruction.
FI.I.F.R2Obstacles to maintaining situational awareness during flight instruction.
FI.I.F.R3Recognizing and managing hazards arising from human behavior, including hazardous attitudes.